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.Cushing shouse to Mr.Graham s store, based on the principle of vibration.**Burke s note: These Albinos are in very respect, physically or intellectually, the equalsof their darker skinned comrades, with whom they intermarry unrestrainedly.***The Zunis say that, in war, they take no captives. AMONG THE ZUNIS 417Thickness 3/8 in.Hold at X and throw with point A to the front:this weapon does not return to the feet of the thrower.The Indians in this house offered me refreshments of tortillas, whichtasted sweet and good.The description given of the first room seenyesterday at Nutria applies to this one excepting that this is 50 long.20 wide.and 10 high, plastered white on the inside, having a flatsandstone flagging for floor, kept very neat and well supplied withfood.The lower wall of the room had painted upon it in quite goodstyle an antelope 6 in length and nearly the same measurement totips of horns.The Zunis employ the bow-drill . 418 THE BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGYA-B is a stick ¼ in Diameter.12 @ 14 in length, tipped at B witha flint, attached by sinew.C.D is a flat horizontal piece, ½ in Wideat Widest point, tapering towards extremities, six inches long andperforated at E.to admit of being slipped over A.B.to which it isfastened by thin leather thongs running from C.and D.to A.F.is abalance bob of flat wood or sandstone 3 in Diameter.The operatortwirls C.D.so as to twist the leather strings around A.B.He thenplaces the flint point over the object to be pierced which he holdsin place with Left hand while he gently but continuously movesthe horizontal bar C.D up and down, causing A.B.to revolve withrapidity.In my presence, a Zuni drilled a hole through a horn combin two minutes.In making turquoise and malachite beads greatpatience is demanded; yet it is with this simple instrument that allperforations are made.The Zuni moccasin is thus made: sole, of rawhide, followingplants of foot and turned up while open to form a protection forthe great toe, but not as a toe shield, such as the Apaches have toemploy, who live in a cactus and rock covered country.The leggingattached to the moccasin of the women, is of buckskin & white incolor, while those made for the men are generally colored red orblack and separated from the moccasin.The moccasin of the Zunisresembles that of the Navajoes in being fastened by silver buttonson the outside of the instep like our low quarter shoes.The buckskin leggings of the squaws [are] in two pieces; one,a narrow tongue piece, 4 wide and the other an ankle protector,both reaching to the knee; the pattern is something of an exaggera-tion of our style of winter overshoe, known as the Arctic snow-excluder .The Zunis use woolen leggings under the buckskin and in winter,overshoes of sheepskin, with the wool inside.While I was writing the above, my old classmate, Lieutenant Carl F.Palfrey, Corps of Engineers, whom I had not met since we graduated(1869.) came up to me calling out, Hi, John Bourke, what the devilare you doing here? Of course, we were delighted to see each otherand passed the rest of the day in company examining the town.The Zunis make three kinds of bread; the flat tortilla of the Mexi-cans; tissue bread such as the Moquis use.(both these are bakedupon flat stones on the hearth,) and the ordinary loaf bread bakedin the hemispherical mud ovens already described.Their leaven is AMONG THE ZUNIS 419salt and water, yeast powder, and sour dough, the last made, whennecessary with saliva.A crier now roared through the streets thatthe preparations for jack-rabbit hunt were complete and in a veryfew moments throngs of young bucks had saddled & bridled theirponies and started for the place of rendezvous, whither also groupsof men on foot were wending their way.I borrowed a pony and started with Mr.Cushing, followed by thebrother of the Gobernador (Governor.) a very dandified chap inpantaloons of black velvet, decked with silver buttons, a red shirt anda dark blue plush cap also girt with buttons of the precious metal.We jogged along over gentle hills and flat red-clay valleys, passingthrough stretches of corn-fields, and at a distance of something morethan 2 leagues from Zuni, ascended a small timbered knoll, uponwhose summit was burning a small fire, the rallying point for a con-course of not less than 450 young men & old, 1/3 of them mounted:no women or girls could be seen but an old man was haranguing themultitude giving instructions upon the manner of conducting thehunt and, as I surmised from what I soon afterwards saw, interspers-ing his remarks with advice of a religious character.When he had concluded, the Zunis in parties of 6 to 10, ap-proached the fire and with head bowed down and in a manner sedateand reverent, recited in an audible tone prayers of considerablelength, at same time holding towards the fire in the Left hand a crustof bread and in the Right one or two boomerangs, (I can call themby no other name.) the prayers finished, the crusts were placed inthe fire and the boomerangs held in the smoke; the devotees thendivided, one part moving off by the Left, and other by the Righthand.The whole concourse went through this ceremony, those onhorseback dismounting before approaching the sacred fire, and thecrusts of bread making a pile 2 or 3 ft.high.My presence near the fire was the source of much sarcastic com-ment and hilarity to the Zunis who had finished their devolutions,but I stood my ground with the cheek of a lightning rod agent.TheIndians rapidly scattered over the face of the country, here coveredwith stunted cedar and sage-brush and well suited as a hiding placefor jack-rabbits.The dismounted battalion acted as beaters, thehorsemen pursuing the frightened animals the moment they brokecover.The dust scattered and the amount of exertion made shouldhave sufficed to catch and kill a hundred buffalo; but up to the mo- 420 THE BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGYment of my departure, not a single jack-rabbit was caught and theresult of all this vast expenditure of time and labor was, as I learnedat night, only four rabbits! This fact, connected with the religiousfeatures I had witnessed, impressed me with the conviction that thishunt is a religious ceremony and that it may be a survival of somemode of catching game in use at a time when their manner of lifewas much different from what it is to-day.The rabbits caught werenot eaten by the Zunis but fed to the sacred Cha-Ka-li or Eagles.Tired out with waiting, we started on the homeward trek and ranupon a half dozen boys playing the game of kicking the sticks .They were arranged in two sides, each having a stick and the object,apparently, was for either side to kick its own stick to the goal first;without in any way interfering with the movements of its opponents.I couldn t study the game very closely because the youngsters brokeup their play and ran like deer the moment they perceived us closeupon them.A little closer to Zuni, we came to another party of much youngerchildren, engaged in digging for field mice; they had six, but inanswer to my sign, said they did not intend to eat them.* Havingreached the village, I went around again with Palfrey, this time buy-ing several silver rings &c
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