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.Eight: The Riddle of DeathAbraham Lincoln’s thoughts about God, death, and remembrance are fully recorded in his own writings and speeches, and in his spoken comments as recounted by those who heard them.That he lacked faith in an afterlife, however, must be surmised from his consistent silence on the subject whenever an affirmation might have been expected.But the cumulation of those significant silences makes the surmise persuasive.Lincoln’s public and private writings are definitively presented in the eight thick volumes and two shorter supplements of The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln (New Brunswick, 1953, 1974, 1990), edited by Roy P.Basler et al.His spoken words, excerpted from a multitude of published recollections by contemporaries, have lately been compiled, evaluated, and published in Recollected Words of Abraham Lincoln (Stanford, 1996), edited by Don E.and Virginia Fehrenbacher.Compilations of testimony by those who knew Lincoln have recently been edited and published in Douglas L.Wilson and Rodney O.Davis, Herndon’s Informants: Letters, Interviews, and Statements About Abraham Lincoln (Chicago, 1998) and Michael Burlingame, An Oral History of Abraham Lincoln: John G.Nicolay’s Interviews and Essays (Carbondale, 1996).There are many one-volume biographies of Lincoln, among the better ones being those by Benjamin P.Thomas and David H.Donald.Lincoln’s formative years, important for this essay, are well covered in Louis A.Warren, Lincoln’s Youth: Indiana Years, Seven to Twenty-one, 1816–1830 (New York, 1959), and Albert J.Beveridge, Abraham Lincoln, 1809–1858 (2 vols., Boston, 1928).Firsthand accounts of special pertinence to this essay are Noah Brooks, Washington in Lincoln’s Time (New York, 1958); Francis B.Carpenter, Six Months at the White House with Abraham Lincoln (New York, 1866), and William H.Herndon and Jesse W.Weik, Herndon’s Lincoln: The True Story of a Great Life (3 vols., Chicago, 1889).Michael Burlingame, The Inner World of Abraham Lincoln (Urbana, 1994), is a fresh, candid, and sometimes provocative study of Lincoln’s character.Charles B.Strozier, Lincoln’s Quest for Union: Public and Private Meanings (New York, 1982), analyzes psychological factors in Lincoln’s life.Lincoln’s religious views are examined in William J.Wolf, The Almost Chosen People: A Study of the Religion of Abraham Lincoln (Garden City, 1959), and Wayne C.Temple, Abraham Lincoln From Skeptic to Prophet (Mahomet, 1995).316T h e L i n c o l n E n i g m aThe history of popular views of death, memorials, and afterlife is provided by Philippe Aries, The Hour of Our Death (New York, 1981); Colleen McDannell and Bernhard Lang, Heaven: A History (New Haven, 1988); Richard Morris, Sinners, Lovers, and Heroes: An Essay on Memorializing in Three American Cultures (Albany, 1997); Gary Landerman, The Sacred Remains: American Attitudes Toward Death, 1799–1883 (New Haven, 1996); and Lewis O.Saum, The Popular Mood of Pre–Civil War America (Westport, 1980).Nine: Lincoln in “Modern” ArtThe literature on the modern portraits of Abraham Lincoln—indeed, of the portraits of Lincoln in any age—remains scant.Of the few titles, studies of Lincoln sculpture have been the most abundant.Donald Charles Durman, for example, contributed a pioneer attempt to catalogue the known Lincoln statuary through 1943 with the privately printed study He Belongs to the Ages: The Statues of Abraham Lincoln (Ann Arbor, 1951).Another useful book is F.Lauriston Bullard, Lincoln in Marble and Bronze (New Brunswick, 1952), which contains particularly good material on mid-twentieth-century Lincoln statues.Franklin B.Mead had earlier combined a rather cursory survey of 26 existing Lincoln statues with a paean to Paul Manship’s 1932 sculpture for the Lincoln National Life building in downtown Fort Wayne with Heroic Statues in Bronze of Abraham Lincoln: Introducing the Hoosier Youth of Paul Manship (Fort Wayne, Ind., 1932).Another essential study is Harry Rand, Paul Manship (Washington, 1922).Also helpful: Kim Bauer, The Lincoln Legacy in Little-Known Illinois Sculpture, on the Internet at www.prairie.org/detours/lincoln.Rex Allen Smith’s useful and entertaining The Carving of Mount Rushmore (New York, 1985), is the definitive study of the monument, replacing Willadene Price’s catalogue, Gutzon Borglum: The Man who Carved a Mountain (n.p., 1961).The best book about the sculptor of the Lincoln Memorial is Michael Richman, Daniel Chester French: An American Sculptor (New York, 1976).Other sculptors are considered in Steven Rogstad, Companionship in Granite (Racine, 1998); Lois Kuhn Harris, The World of Jo Davidson (Philadelphia, rev.ed., 1958) and Celebrating the Familiar: The Sculpture of Seward Johnson (New York, 1987).The publication Lincoln Lore has long been a dependable source of information on new sculpture, e.g., “New Lincoln Statue in Mexico” by Angel Terrac in Juarez, Lincoln Lore 1515 (1964), 3.One cannot deny the exhaustive research that informs Mabel Kunkel’s sprawling book, Abraham Lincoln: Unforgettable American (Charlotte, 1976), an attempt, as the author put it in her dedication, to prove David C.Mearns’s contention that “the proof of [Lincoln’s] hold upon the minds and hearts of men is all around us.” In a work that the junior high school teacher first undertook in preparation for an assembly program for her students, Kunkel amassed data on no fewer than 112 statues and countless“other ways and places in which Mr.Lincoln is remembered.”The authors of this chapter have also noted with appreciation the blunt—sometimes disturbing—view of public Lincoln sculpture seen through the unflinching lens of a modern photographer in George Tice, Lincoln (New Brunswick, 1984) [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]

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