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. And weand the route from, the crude went. Progressivism 107*'From The Jungle, Upton Sinclair, 1906The Jungle is a novel by Pulitzer Prize winning au-thor Upton Sinclair (1878 1968) about the corrup-tion of the American meatpacking industry duringthe early twentieth century.Sinclair harshly depictsthe poverty, absence of social programs, unpleasantliving and working conditions, and hopelessnessprevalent among the poor working class.The Jungle is also an important example of themuckraking tradition.Sinclair wanted to persuadehis readers that the mainstream American politicalparties offered little means for progressive change.This excerpt describes the conditions in whichhogs were slaughtered.Entering one of the Durham there was a narrow space, into whichbuildings, they found a num- came the hogs at the end of theirber of other visitors waiting; journey; in the midst of them stood a and before long there came a great burly Negro, bare-armed andguide, to escort them through bare-chested.He was resting for thethe place.They make a great fea- moment, for the wheel had stoppedture of showing strangers through while men were cleaning up.In athe packing plants, for it is a good minute or two, however, it beganadvertisement.But Ponas Jokubas [a slowly to revolve, and then the menlaborer at the meatpacking plant] upon each side of it sprang to work.whispered maliciously that the They had chains which they fastenedvisitors did not see any more than about the leg of the nearest hog, andthe packers wanted them to.They the other end of the chain theyclimbed a long series of stairways hooked into one of the rings uponoutside of the building, to the top the wheel.So, as the wheel turned, aof its five or six stories.Here was the hog was suddenly jerked off his feetchute, with its river of hogs, all pa- and borne aloft.tiently toiling upward; there was a At the same instant the car was as-place for them to rest to cool off, and sailed by a most terrifying shriek; thethen through another passageway visitors started in alarm, the womenthey went into a room from which turned pale and shrank back.Thethere is no returning for hogs.shriek was followed by another,It was a long, narrow room, with a louder and yet more agonizing forgallery along it for visitors.At the once started upon that journey, thehead there was a great iron wheel, hog never came back; at the top ofabout twenty feet in circumference, the wheel he was shunted off upon awith rings here and there along its trolley, and went sailing down theedge.Upon both sides of this wheel room.And meantime another was(continues) 108 Progressivism*'(continued)swung up, and then another, and an- stand with hands clenched, and theother, until there was a double line blood rushing to their faces, and theof them, each dangling by a foot and tears starting in their eyes.kicking in frenzy and squealing.The Meantime, heedless of all theseuproar was appalling, perilous to the things, the men upon the floor wereeardrums; one feared there was too going about their work.Neithermuch sound for the room to hold squeals of hogs nor tears of visitorsthat the walls must give way or the made any difference to them; oneceiling crack.There were high squeals by one they hooked up the hogs,and low squeals, grunts, and wails of and one by one with a swift strokeagony; there would come a momen- they slit their throats.There was atary lull, and then a fresh outburst, long line of hogs, with squeals andlouder than ever, surging up to a lifeblood ebbing away to-deafening climax.It was too much gether; until at last eachfor some of the visitors the men started again, and vanishedwould look at each other, laughing with a splash into a huge vatnervously, and the women would of boiling water.American Antiquities Act, 1906President Theodore Roosevelt (1901 1906) stronglysupported the American Antiquities Act of 1906.This law gave the president the power to set asideland for national parks and identify other places andsites as national monuments.The law establishedthe basis of America s modern National ParkSystem.Be it enacted by the Senate and Government having jurisdiction overHouse of Representatives of the lands on which said antiquitiesthe United States of America are situated, shall, upon conviction, in Congress assembled, That be fined in a sum of not more thanany person who shall appropri- five hundred dollars or be imprisonedate, excavate, injure, or destroy any for a period of not more than ninetyhistoric or prehistoric ruin or monu- days, or shall suffer both fine andment, or any object of antiquity, situ- imprisonment, in the discretion ofated on lands owned or controlled the court.by the Government of the United Sec.2
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