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.six battalions during the Dutch War.On 15 AprilThey were considered specialists rather than1693 its name changed to Régiment Royal defighting troops, and soldiers were assigned tol'Artillerie, which officially recognised what it hadprotect them and the guns.The artillery pieces theybeen for some time: an artillery regiment.Severalserved had last been standardised in 1572 and wentindependent companies of gunners, miners andby exotic names like 'couleuvrine' or 'bâtarde'.Thebombardiers also existed, and some bombardiersGrand Master of Artillery enjoyed considerablewere used to form the Royal-Bombardiers regimentpower in all aspects of the service.The reform-on 28 August 1684; this specialised in the service ofminded Louis and Louvois first brought in newmortars and large siege guns.The services of Royal-standard calibres in 1666 4-, 8-, 12-, 24- and 33-Artillerie and Royal-Bombardiers during Louis'pounders.These pieces were fairly long and heavy,wars were numerous, distinguished and on everyand from the 1680s some short and lighter 4- and 8-front.The Canonniers des Côtes de l'Océan, formedpdrs.were brought into service.Mortars were in38The Royal Hussars, the first such regiment in the Frenchin La Rochelle in 1702 under the auspices of theArmy, c.1695.This cavalry from the East was considered to beDuke du Maine, then Master General, was a coastsemi-barbaric, as shown by the severed heads carried here onsabres.The uniform was anything but clear to the artist, butartillery unit.All these troops were finally unitedwe are told they wore a fleur-de-lis on the front of their caps.Engraving after Guérard.(Anne S.K.Brown Militaryinto one artillery corps in 1720.During his reignCollection, Brown University, USA)Louis XIV made the artillery a true military arm,cut down the considerable power of the GrandMaster, and made the service responsible toauthority.It was an achievement soon copied byColours and Standardsother powers.In 1680, the Fusiliers du Roi wore grey lined withblue with red breeches, stockings and ribbons, buff Regimental colours are another vast subject whichbelt, laced hat and buff accoutrements.Officers had we can only glance at here.From 1661 all infantrythe same uniform laced with broad gold lace and regiments had a white colonel's colour, which wastheir hats were of grey-white beaver with a red the French equivalent of the British 'King'splume.Eighteen years later a red waistcoat had Colours'.The 'drapeaux d'ordonnance' were thebeen added, and there was an unusual red cockade regimental colours: there were two in the firstat the hat.Sergeants had a gold lace 'two fingers battalion, three in the other battalions, so that therewide'.In 1692 Royal-Bombardier is reported in were always three colours per battalion.Dimen-grey lined with blue and in 1698 they were sions were about 2.1m to 2.25m square.The flagsdescribed with red waistcoat with silver buttonhole were fixed with gilt nails to a fairly short staff, whichlace, red and silver aiguillette, red breeches and was always held by an ensign and did not rest on thestockings.Officers had silver-laced regimentals; ground.The longer staffs seem to have beendrummers wore the king's livery.These uniforms adopted after the reign of Louis XIV.The staff hadwere worn until 1720.The Canonnier des Côtes de a gilt spearhead finial, and from 1690, a white scarf.l'Océan had dark blue lined with scarlet, officers The cords and tassels were usually of the samewith gold embroidery, sergeants having scarlet colours as the quarters.waistcoats and gold lace, gunners orange-yellowNearly all colours in the French and Foreignbuttonhole lace and aiguillettes.Drummers hadinfantry had a white cross with quarters of variousscarlet lined with blue (the livery of the Duke duhues.The older regiments had all four quarters ofMaine) laced with gold.3940the same colour: e.g.Picardie had red, Champagnegreen, Piedmont black and Normandie yellow.Butmany had the 1st (upper left) and 4th (lower right)quarters in one colour, and the second (upper right)and 3rd (lower left) quarters in another.La Marinehad 1 and 4 blue, and 2 and 3 green, Bourbonnoisblue and violet, Auvergne violet and black, Poitoublue and red, La Reine green and black,Languedoc violet and buff, Lorraine green andviolet, etc.Others had four quarters of differentcolours, such as Vermandois with 1 yellow, 2 violet,3 red, 4 green; and Royal Roussillon 1 blue, 2 red, 3orange-buff and 4 green.A few units had goldenlilies strewn on the white cross, such as Du Roi with1 and 4 red and 2 and 3 green, and Royal-la-Marine with blue and yellow.In others eachquarter might be divided in two, as in Royal-Italienwith red and brown, or Perche with red and blue.The possibilities were considerable, and somecolours had very complicated designs.The Swissregiments had a distinctive design of several wavyflames in each quarter: Greder had nine, thesebeing green, red, green, white, red, white, green,red and green; Pfyffer had blue, black, blue, white,blue, white, blue, black and blue.Cavalry standards were smaller, measuringabout 100 cm to 105 cm square, nailed on a staff upto 315 cm long.One per company was allowed untila royal order of 1 February 1689, which specifiedtwo per squadron.This order further specifiedstandards to be of the colour of the colonel's livery.The standards that did not have lilies were to have asun on one side and the mottoes and insignias of thecolonel on the reverse side.Fringes and embroiderywere in gold and silver.Dragoon standards weresomewhat smaller, and had rounded swallow-tailedends in the fly, while hussar standards had pointedends.Thus we end our fleeting glance at the large andvaried army of the 'Sun King'.It was the mainFrench brass land artillery pieces cast during Louis XIV'sinstrument by which Louis XIV kept Europe on its reign were fine examples of decorative art, as can be seen bythis 24pdr.On a scroll near the muzzle was the gun's name,'L'Enviée' ('the envied one'), below the motto 'Ultima Ratio'The manner of firing mortars and bombs', as shown inRegum' ('the last argument of kings').Next comes the coat ofMallet's 1672 edition of Les Travaux de Mars.Figure Aarms of the Grand Master of Artillery, the Duke d'Humièresmeasures the elevation of the piece, while the bombardier to(from 1685 to 1694); the two handles shaped as dolphins; thethe left lights the bomb with a match in his right hand, beforesun which Louis XIV adopted as his personal insignia in 1662,firing the piece with the match in his left hand.In thewith the motto 'Nec Pluribus Impar' ('without equals'); theforeground are infantry soldiers guarding the artillery, one ofcrowned royal arms on a bed of trophies; and around thethem smoking a pipe amidst all this black powder! (David M.breech we learn that Bérenger de Falize made this gun at DouaiStewart Museum & Library, Montreal)in 1693.(Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Va, USA)41toes for over half a century.Its most lasting practice of having a large permanent army incontribution was probably the great influence it peacetime, with controls which insured its obed-had on other armies.Grenadiers, for instance, were ience to authority, was firmly established [ Pobierz caÅ‚ość w formacie PDF ]